{"id":10897,"date":"2024-05-22T12:11:00","date_gmt":"2024-05-22T06:41:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/atrightangles.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/%e0%a4%85%e0%a4%ae%e0%a5%82%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a4-%e0%a4%85%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%a7%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a3%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%93%e0%a4%82-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%87-%e0%a4%b5%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%be\/"},"modified":"2026-05-18T09:41:16","modified_gmt":"2026-05-18T04:11:16","slug":"%e0%a4%85%e0%a4%ae%e0%a5%82%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a4-%e0%a4%85%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%a7%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a3%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%93%e0%a4%82-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%87-%e0%a4%b5%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%be","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/atrightangles.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/hi\/%e0%a4%85%e0%a4%ae%e0%a5%82%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a4-%e0%a4%85%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%a7%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a3%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%93%e0%a4%82-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%87-%e0%a4%b5%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%be\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0905\u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0924\u0915 : \u091c\u094d\u200d\u092f\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0935"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u092f\u0939 \u0932\u0947\u0916 \u0905\u095b\u0940\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u092e\u091c\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u092e\u090f \u090f\u091c\u0941\u0915\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0942\u092c\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u0935\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0930 2022 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0942\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0930\u0940 \u095e\u0940\u0932\u094d\u0921 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u095d\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u095e\u0940\u0932\u094d\u0921 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0935 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u091d\u0947 \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0920\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0907\u092f\u094b\u0902,\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0915\u0930 \u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0940\u0964 \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0916\u0941\u0932\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0915\u094b\u0923\u094b\u0902 (angles) \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093f\u0928 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0925\u0947, \u092e\u0948\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0905\u0935\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0936 \u0915\u0940\u0964 \u0935\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0920\u094b\u0938 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0925\u093e, \u091c\u094b \u091c\u094d\u200d\u092f\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0940\u0916\u0928\u0947-\u0938\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u095b\u0930\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0940 \u092a\u095d\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947\u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0940\u0916\u0928\u0947-\u0938\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u093f\u0928 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u095b\u092e\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e, \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a\u093e \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964    <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0947 \u091c\u094d\u200d\u092f\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0940\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902?<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0909\u0928 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0908 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0940\u0932\/\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0924\u0925\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u091c\u094d\u200d\u092f\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0928\u094d\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 (Johnston-Wilder, 2005)\u0964 \u092a\u093f\u092f\u0930\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0921\u0940\u0928\u093e \u0935\u0948\u0928 \u0939\u0940\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930, \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u094d\u200d\u092f\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u091a\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u091a\u0930\u0923-\u0926\u0930-\u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 (van Hiele, 1986)\u0964 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u0935\u0947 \u0909\u0928 \u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0917\u0941\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0940\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0935\u0947 \u0907\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0917\u0941\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0928\u094d\u0927 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0926\u093e\u091c\u093c\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0906\u0916\u093c\u093f\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0947 \u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0958\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0940\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0924\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e-1 \u0935\u0948\u0928 \u0939\u0940\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u094d\u200d\u092f\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0940\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964     <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading text-center\">\u0924\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e-1<\/h3>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u091a\u0930\u0923<\/th><th>\u0928\u093e\u092e<\/th><th>\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928<\/th><th>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1<\/td><td>\u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0930<\/td><td>\u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0947 \u092c\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093e\u092e \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/td><td>\u0907\u0938 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0906\u092f\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2<\/td><td>\u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930<\/td><td>\u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0947 \u092c\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u093c\u093e\u0938\u093f\u092f\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/td><td>\u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0906\u092f\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0910\u0938\u0940 \u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0906\u092e\u0928\u0947-\u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092d\u0941\u091c\u093e\u090f\u0901 (opposite sides) \u092c\u0930\u093e\u092c\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0938\u092e\u0915\u094b\u0923 (right angles) \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">3<\/td><td>\u0905\u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930<\/td><td>\u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0947 \u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0917\u0941\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0928\u094d\u0927 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/td><td>\u090f\u0915 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0906\u092f\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0906\u092f\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">4<\/td><td>\u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928<\/td><td>\u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0916\u093c\u0941\u0926 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u094b \u0924\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u092c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u0925\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><td>\u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u093e \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u093e\u092c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u091a\u0924\u0941\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0941\u091c (parallelogram) \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0923 (diagonal) \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0926\u094b \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u0917\u0938\u092e \u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092d\u0941\u091c\u094b\u0902 (congruent triangles) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093e\u0901\u091f\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">5<\/td><td>\u0938\u093e\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/td><td>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902\u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 (postulate systems) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0947\u092f (theorems) \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923\/\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/td><td>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u092c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0917\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u091a\u0924\u0941\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0941\u091c (quadrilateral) \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0936\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0915\u094b\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u095d\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0930\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0935<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u092e\u0948\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0924\u0935\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0947 35 \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 40 \u092e\u093f\u0928\u091f \u0915\u0947 25 \u0938\u0947 \u095b\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093e \u0938\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0932\u093f\u090f\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0942\u0932 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0939\u0940 \u091c\u093c\u093f\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0932\u095c\u0940-\u090f\u092e \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u093e \u0917\u093e\u0901\u0927\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0942\u0932 \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0915\u094b\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e, \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094b\u0923, \u091a\u093e\u0901\u0926\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0907\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947\u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u093e \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u0938\u093f\u0916\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u091a\u0941\u0915\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0930\u0947 \u092f\u0947 \u0905\u0935\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928 \u0930\u0939\u0947-:   <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>25 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0924 \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0916\u0941\u0932\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f (\u092f\u093e \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0916\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f) \u0915\u094b\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0920\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0908 \u0939\u094b \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0925\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>70 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0924 \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091a\u093e\u0901\u0926\u0947 (protractor) \u0915\u093e \u0907\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947\u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0941\u0936\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u094b \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0925\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>5 \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0947 \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u090f \u0917\u090f, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0917\u093c\u095b-\u0915\u093c\u0932\u092e \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0941\u091a\u093f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0925\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u094b\u0923 \u092a\u095d\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0940\u0916\u0928\u0947-\u0938\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 (\u091f\u0940\u090f\u0932\u090f\u092e) \u0915\u093e \u0907\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947\u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u091c\u093f\u0928 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u095b\u092e\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0947 \u091c\u093f\u0928 \u0915\u0920\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0907\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0925\u0947, \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0907\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947\u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0920\u094b\u0938 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0907\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947\u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092d\u094d\u200d\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0928 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0958\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0928\u0947, \u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928\u0947, \u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092f\u0941\u0917\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092a\u0942\u0930\u0915 \u0915\u094b\u0923\u094b\u0902 (complementary and supplementary angles) \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u092f\u0941\u0917\u094d\u092e \u0915\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0924\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e (transversal) \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093e\u091f\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092f\u0941\u0917\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0958\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0940\u0964 <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">a. <strong>\u0938\u0940\u0916\u0928\u0947-\u0938\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 (\u091f\u0940\u090f\u0932\u090f\u092e) \u0915\u093e \u0907\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947\u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u091f\u0940\u090f\u0932\u090f\u092e \u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0917\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u092c\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u094b\u095b\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u095b\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0917\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0930 \u091c\u0917\u0939 \u0915\u094b\u0923 (\u0915\u094b\u0928\u0947) \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0908 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0935\u091c\u0942\u0926 \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u094b\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0940\u0916\u0928\u093e \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e (Watson, 2013)\u0964 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u095b\u092e\u093e\u0908 \u0917\u0908 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0917\u0947 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0907\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u0930 \u0905\u0916\u093c\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u091c\u0941\u0917\u093e\u0921\u093c\u0942 \u092f\u093e \u0926\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0907\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947\u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u0940 \u0925\u0940\u0902\u0964  <\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0915\u093e\u0917\u093c\u095b \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0902\u0916\u0947<\/h4>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0926\u094b \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u0913\u0902\/\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0916\u0923\u094d\u0921\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915-\u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u093e\u091f\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 (\u092f\u093e \u0918\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947) \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u095b\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938 \u0938\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u095b\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093e \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0940\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 (Nunes, 2009)\u0964 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"998\" height=\"720\" src=\"https:\/\/atrightangles.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/abstract-fig1.jpg\" alt=\"abstract-fig1\" class=\"wp-image-13705\" style=\"object-fit:cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/atrightangles.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/abstract-fig1.jpg 998w, https:\/\/atrightangles.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/abstract-fig1-499x360.jpg 499w, https:\/\/atrightangles.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/abstract-fig1-280x202.jpg 280w, https:\/\/atrightangles.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/abstract-fig1-768x554.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 998px) 100vw, 998px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930-1<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0906\u0907\u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u0921\u0923\u094d\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0916\u093c\u092c\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0907\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947\u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0917\u093c\u095b \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0902\u0916\u0947 (\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930-1) \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0907\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947\u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092f\u093e \u0918\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 5 \u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0940\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u0938\u0947 \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u0942\u091b\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f \u092a\u0902\u0916\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0907\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947\u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0923 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964   <em> \u201c\u092f\u0939 90\u00b0 \u0938\u0947 \u095b\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0964\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u092a\u0902\u0916\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0907\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947\u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0905\u0928\u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 (\u092a\u0902\u0916\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0916\u0941\u0932\u093e \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902) \u0930\u0916\u0915\u0930 \u0915\u094b\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0907\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947\u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0938\u0940\u0916\u093e \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u0928\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0938\u0935\u093e\u0932 \u092a\u0942\u091b\u0947 \u0917\u090f\u0964 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0964 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u092a \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092c\u0926\u0932 \u0926\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0942\u091b\u093e\u0964 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u095e\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 \u0930\u0939\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u092e\u0928 \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0935\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u091c\u092c \u0909\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u091c\u0939 \u092a\u0942\u091b\u0940 \u0917\u0908, \u0924\u094b \u0909\u0938\u0915\u093e \u091c\u0935\u093e\u092c \u0925\u093e, \u201c\u0906\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0921\u0923\u094d\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u093e, \u0906\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0932\u094d\u091f\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964\u201d \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0942\u0939\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0947 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u092a\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u090f\u0964 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0907\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947\u092e\u093e\u0932 \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947, \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u092c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0916\u093c\u0941\u0926 \u0915\u0940 \u0935 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u092e-\u0909\u092e\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0925\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u0906\u0932\u094b\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 (Watson, 2013)\u0964        <\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">360\u00b0 \u0915\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0901\u0926\u093e<\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0915\u0908 \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u092f\u093e \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0916\u093c\u093e\u0938\u0915\u0930 \u0924\u092c \u091c\u092c \u0935\u0939 \u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0916\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0964 \u0915\u094b\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u094b \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f 360\u00b0 \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0901\u0926\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0907\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947\u092e\u093e\u0932 \u090f\u0915 \u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0928\u0947 180\u00b0 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0902\u0936 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u094c\u0915\u093c\u093e \u092d\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u094b \u092a\u093e\u0930\u092e\u094d\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u093e\u0901\u0926\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0907\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947\u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092d\u0935 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0926\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0907\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0907\u0938 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f \u092a\u0947\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0907\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u093f\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0902\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u091f\u0941\u0915\u095c\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u091c\u0917\u0939 \u091f\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0930-\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0907\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947\u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u092e\u093e\u092a \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0923 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0939\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964    <\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"759\" height=\"720\" src=\"https:\/\/atrightangles.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/abstract-fig2.jpg\" alt=\"abstract-fig2\" class=\"wp-image-15671\" style=\"object-fit:cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/atrightangles.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/abstract-fig2.jpg 759w, https:\/\/atrightangles.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/abstract-fig2-380x360.jpg 380w, https:\/\/atrightangles.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/abstract-fig2-213x202.jpg 213w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 759px) 100vw, 759px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930-2<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"695\" height=\"688\" src=\"https:\/\/atrightangles.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/abstract-fig3.jpg\" alt=\"abstract-fig3\" class=\"wp-image-15674\" srcset=\"https:\/\/atrightangles.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/abstract-fig3.jpg 695w, https:\/\/atrightangles.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/abstract-fig3-364x360.jpg 364w, https:\/\/atrightangles.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/abstract-fig3-204x202.jpg 204w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 695px) 100vw, 695px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930-3<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0908 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0964 <em>\u201c\u092f\u0939 120\u00b0 \u0915\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u201d, \u201c\u091c\u092c \u0939\u092e \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094b\u0923 \u092f\u093e \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928 \u0915\u094b\u0923 (acute angle) \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0924\u094b \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0915\u094b\u0923 (reflex angle) \u092d\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u201d<\/em> \u091c\u092c \u0909\u0928\u0938\u0947 30\u00b0 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0958\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0939\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0924\u094b \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u091c\u094b \u091c\u0935\u093e\u092c \u0926\u093f\u090f, \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930-3, 4 \u0914\u0930 5 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0928 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926, \u091a\u093e\u0901\u0926\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0907\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947\u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u095b\u0930 \u0906\u092f\u093e\u0964 <\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"714\" height=\"720\" src=\"https:\/\/atrightangles.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/abstract-fig4.jpg\" alt=\"abstract-fig4\" class=\"wp-image-15678\" srcset=\"https:\/\/atrightangles.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/abstract-fig4.jpg 714w, https:\/\/atrightangles.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/abstract-fig4-357x360.jpg 357w, https:\/\/atrightangles.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/abstract-fig4-200x202.jpg 200w, https:\/\/atrightangles.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/abstract-fig4-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 714px) 100vw, 714px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930-4<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"712\" height=\"720\" src=\"https:\/\/atrightangles.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/abstract-fig5.jpg\" alt=\"abstract-fig5\" class=\"wp-image-15681\" srcset=\"https:\/\/atrightangles.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/abstract-fig5.jpg 712w, https:\/\/atrightangles.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/abstract-fig5-356x360.jpg 356w, https:\/\/atrightangles.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/abstract-fig5-200x202.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 712px) 100vw, 712px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930-5<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0930\u0902\u0917\u0940\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e<\/h4>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u094b \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u093e\u091f\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0924\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e (transversal) \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0922\u0942\u0901\u0922\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0939\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0928\u0924\u0940\u091c\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0907\u0938 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0906\u0920 \u0915\u094b\u0923 \u092c\u0928 \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0925\u0947\u0964 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"539\" height=\"720\" src=\"https:\/\/atrightangles.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/abstract-fig6.jpg\" alt=\"abstract-fig6\" class=\"wp-image-15684\" srcset=\"https:\/\/atrightangles.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/abstract-fig6.jpg 539w, https:\/\/atrightangles.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/abstract-fig6-270x360.jpg 270w, https:\/\/atrightangles.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/abstract-fig6-151x202.jpg 151w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 539px) 100vw, 539px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930-6<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0926\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u0913\u0902 (parallel lines) \u0915\u094b \u0915\u093e\u091f\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0924\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932<\/h4>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"832\" height=\"720\" src=\"https:\/\/atrightangles.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/abstract-fig7.jpg\" alt=\"abstract-fig7\" class=\"wp-image-15687\" srcset=\"https:\/\/atrightangles.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/abstract-fig7.jpg 832w, https:\/\/atrightangles.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/abstract-fig7-416x360.jpg 416w, https:\/\/atrightangles.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/abstract-fig7-233x202.jpg 233w, https:\/\/atrightangles.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/abstract-fig7-768x665.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 832px) 100vw, 832px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930-7<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930-7 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0907\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947\u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u092f\u0941\u0917\u094d\u092e \u0915\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0924\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093e\u091f\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0928\u094d\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0939\u092e \\(\u2220AXP\\) \u0914\u0930 \\(\u2220CYX\\) \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u092a \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0939 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902? \\(\u2220AXY\\) \u0914\u0930 \\(\u2220DYX\\) \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u092a \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940? \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0928\u094d\u0927 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926, \u0939\u092e \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092d\u094c\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0928\u093e\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0940\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0917\u0947 \u092c\u095d\u0947, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947- \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0936\u0903 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0924 \u0915\u094b\u0923 (corresponding angles) \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0915\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0924:\u0915\u094b\u0923 (alternate interior angles)\u0964 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"554\" height=\"720\" src=\"https:\/\/atrightangles.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/abstract-fig8.jpg\" alt=\"abstract-fig8\" class=\"wp-image-15690\" srcset=\"https:\/\/atrightangles.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/abstract-fig8.jpg 554w, https:\/\/atrightangles.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/abstract-fig8-277x360.jpg 277w, https:\/\/atrightangles.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/abstract-fig8-155x202.jpg 155w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 554px) 100vw, 554px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930-8<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u091c\u093f\u0928 \u0915\u094b\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092f\u0941\u0917\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e, \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0909\u0928 \u0915\u094b\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0928\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0916\u093c\u0942\u092c\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u093e \u0925\u093e \u092f\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0901\u091a\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0958\u093e \u092c\u0926\u0932 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e (\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930-8)\u0964 \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0947 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u092e\u091d \u0917\u090f \u0925\u0947 \u0915\u093f \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0958\u093e \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u092a \u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u092f\u0941\u0917\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0928\u094d\u0927 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">b. <strong>\u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0907\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947\u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0915 \u0938\u0935\u093e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Gamification of textbook contents<\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0910\u0938\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092a\u0942\u0930\u0915 \u0915\u094b\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0925\u0940\u0964 \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u094b \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093e\u0901\u091f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u092e\u093e\u092a \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f (\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930-9, 10, 11, 12)\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0930\u0947\u0915 \u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092a\u0942\u0930\u0915 \u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0925\u093e, \u091c\u094b \u0915\u093f \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0925\u093e\u0964   <\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-529bf494 wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"702\" height=\"720\" src=\"https:\/\/atrightangles.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/abstract-fig9_11zon.jpg\" alt=\"abstract-fig9\" class=\"wp-image-15693\" srcset=\"https:\/\/atrightangles.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/abstract-fig9_11zon.jpg 702w, https:\/\/atrightangles.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/abstract-fig9_11zon-351x360.jpg 351w, https:\/\/atrightangles.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/abstract-fig9_11zon-197x202.jpg 197w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 702px) 100vw, 702px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930-9<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"558\" height=\"720\" src=\"https:\/\/atrightangles.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/abstract-fig10_11zon.jpg\" alt=\"abstract-fig10\" class=\"wp-image-15696\" srcset=\"https:\/\/atrightangles.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/abstract-fig10_11zon.jpg 558w, https:\/\/atrightangles.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/abstract-fig10_11zon-279x360.jpg 279w, https:\/\/atrightangles.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/abstract-fig10_11zon-157x202.jpg 157w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 558px) 100vw, 558px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930-10<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"720\" src=\"https:\/\/atrightangles.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/abstract-fig11_11zon.jpg\" alt=\"abstract-fig11\" class=\"wp-image-15699\" srcset=\"https:\/\/atrightangles.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/abstract-fig11_11zon.jpg 723w, https:\/\/atrightangles.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/abstract-fig11_11zon-362x360.jpg 362w, https:\/\/atrightangles.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/abstract-fig11_11zon-203x202.jpg 203w, https:\/\/atrightangles.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/abstract-fig11_11zon-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930-11<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"581\" src=\"https:\/\/atrightangles.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/abstract-fig12.jpg\" alt=\"abstract-fig12\" class=\"wp-image-15702\" srcset=\"https:\/\/atrightangles.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/abstract-fig12.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/atrightangles.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/abstract-fig12-640x291.jpg 640w, https:\/\/atrightangles.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/abstract-fig12-360x163.jpg 360w, https:\/\/atrightangles.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/abstract-fig12-768x349.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930-12<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0947 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f, \u0905\u0928\u094d\u200d\u0926\u093e\u091c\u093c \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0928\u0924\u0940\u091c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0940\u0928 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0909\u0928 \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u0926\u0926\u0917\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u092c\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u0908, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0917\u093c\u091c\u093c-\u0915\u093c\u0932\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u093f\u0932\u091a\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0925\u0940\u0964 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926, \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u0939\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092f\u0941\u0917\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e-\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e\u0964 \u0910\u0938\u093e \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u0942\u091b\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092f\u0941\u0917\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u094b 180\u00b0 \u0914\u0930 90\u00b0 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e \u092f\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902, \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0935\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0936\u0903 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092a\u0942\u0930\u0915 \u0915\u094b\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u095e\u0930\u094d\u0958 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d \u092a\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0925\u0947 \u092f\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\u0964   <\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928<\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0924\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0915\u094c\u0936\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0942\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u091a\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0915 \u0938\u0935\u093e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0907\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947\u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u091c\u092c \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0938\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094b\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0907\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947\u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e, \u0924\u094b \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0915 \u0939\u094b \u0917\u090f\u0964 \u0924\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e-2 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \\(9^{th}\\) \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092c \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0915\u0930 \\(7^{th}\\) \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u095b\u092e\u093e\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0915\u0941\u091b \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0926\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u094b\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0942\u092a\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092f\u0941\u0917\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092a\u0942\u0930\u0915 \u0915\u094b\u0923\u094b\u0902, \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0939\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092f\u0941\u0917\u094d\u092e \u0915\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0924\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093e\u091f\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092f\u0941\u0917\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u095b\u0930\u0942\u0930\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940\u0964   <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading text-center\">\u0924\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e-2<\/h3>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0936<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"695\" height=\"613\" class=\"wp-image-13718\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Excerpts-from-textbooks-1.png\" alt=\"Excerpts from textbooks 1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/atrightangles.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Excerpts-from-textbooks-1.png 695w, https:\/\/atrightangles.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Excerpts-from-textbooks-1-408x360.png 408w, https:\/\/atrightangles.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Excerpts-from-textbooks-1-229x202.png 229w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 695px) 100vw, 695px\" \/><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">1. \u0924\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0902\u0964 <br\/>2. \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0924 \u0915\u094b\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"777\" height=\"515\" class=\"wp-image-13721\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Excerpts-from-textbooks-2.png\" alt=\"Excerpts from textbooks 2\" srcset=\"https:\/\/atrightangles.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Excerpts-from-textbooks-2.png 777w, https:\/\/atrightangles.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Excerpts-from-textbooks-2-543x360.png 543w, https:\/\/atrightangles.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Excerpts-from-textbooks-2-305x202.png 305w, https:\/\/atrightangles.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Excerpts-from-textbooks-2-768x509.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 777px) 100vw, 777px\" \/><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">1. \u0924\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0902\u0964 <br\/>2. \u090f\u0915\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0924: \u0915\u094b\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0902\u0964 <br\/>3. \u090f\u0915 \u0913\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0924:\u0915\u094b\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0902\u0964<br\/> <br\/><em>\u091f\u093f\u092a\u094d\u092a\u0923\u0940<\/em><br\/>\u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u0930 \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 AC \u0915\u094b \u0924\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0964 \u0915\u092e\u0932 \u0928\u0947 \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0906\u092f\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0941\u091c\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u092d\u0940 \u0924\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a\u093e \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0939\u0941\u0908, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u0930\u0916\u0940, \u092c\u0939\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0924\u0940\u091c\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u091d\u0947 \u0924\u0940\u0938\u0930\u093e \u0938\u0935\u093e\u0932 \u092a\u0942\u091b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092a\u0942\u0930\u0915 \u0915\u094b\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0917\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0907\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947\u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964   <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094c\u0936\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0907\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947\u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0947\u0917\u093e, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u2013 \u0907\u0938 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964 \u091c\u092c \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u094b \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0916\u094b\u091c\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u092c\u0928 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094b\u091a\u0928\u0947, \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947, \u095a\u0932\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0940\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u0948\u0928 \u0939\u0940\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u094d\u200d\u092f\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0947 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094c\u0936\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0914\u0930 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